a greater spirit of self-determination and pride for African Americans. The aftermath was what came to be known as the "Lindbergh boom" in aviation: industry stocks rose and interest in flying skyrocketed. A decade later that number more than doubled, to 83 percent. Inform them that they will be defending their stances to the other groups. Cities were swiftly becoming centers of opportunity, but the growth of citiesespecially the growth of immigrant populations in those citiessharpened rural discontent over the perception of rapid cultural change. Overview For many middle-class Americans, the 1920s was a decade of unprecedented prosperity. WebRadio influenced pop-culture because the radio was used for people to listen to music,games and other popular things. But it was mobile. They must have had families. This unprecedented downturn in the economy would cause stagnation and strife around the world. Enthusiasts began playing with the new technology in order to broadcast their own signals, among them one Frank Conrad, who was an engineer for Westinghouse and set up his own station above the garage of his home. This also helped because a lot of rich people What evidence did you find that suggests society still struggled with traditionalism? For example, they could write an op-ed on the flappers, either supporting them or criticizing them as a threat to traditional gender values. The talkie newsreel was born when Theodore Case developed his sound-on-film system. L'acception des cookies permettra la lecture et l'analyse des informations ainsi que le bon fonctionnement des technologies associes. Local stations and national networks generally left news to the newspapers until the advent of World War II. A Brief History In the late 19th century, Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi developed a wireless technology that allowed him to send signals across a distance. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. When the urban centers went down, they dragged the rest of the economies in which they existed with them. Social changes included the rise of consumer culture and mass entertainment in the form of radio and movies. William Allen White, a small-town editor in Emporia, Kansas, crusaded against the Klan and for free speech. | From the start, Time was accused of bias; Luce and Hadden were conservatives who opposed government interference of business. How did radio shape modernism in the 1920s? The nationalistic fervor that had motivated many Americans and Europeans to enlist in the war effort dissipated in the muddy trenches of battle, where the purpose and aims of the war seemed distant and unclear. who opposed nativism in the 1920s and why? In addition to the soldiers returning from Europe who needed to find employment, many African Americans who had moved North were competing for jobs and housing, which resulted in What series of events, in response to radical bomb threats, led to deportation of thousands of immigrants? what type of danger zone is needed for this exercise. Students will write argumentative essays on the 1920s as a decade of modernism or traditionalism using primary source evidence from the document sets used in the Gallery Walk. They are to use the same categories as before: religion, race, popular culture (music, art, and movies), and gender. The United States became a consumer society in the 1920s. Paley was regarded as a programming genius who rewrote the nation's definition of entertainment and news. Sadly, the exuberance ended when the stock market crashed in 1929, and the public turned away from games, frolic, and fashion to face the unemployment and discouragement of the Great Depression. The content of his columns broadened through time, starting with show-biz gossip and expanding to include items about politics and business. How did the Federalists and Democrat Republicans react to the British navy's use of impressment on American sailors? High-minded anxieties did little to thwart the publics embrace of broadcasting. Whereas previously, music-lovers would actually have to attend a nightclub or concert venue to hear jazz, now they could listen on the radio or even purchase their favorite recordings for at-home listening. Advertising affecting consumerism because people saw the ad and thought to themselves that they wanted this because they use use a credit card and pay it off later. WebThe shift from print-based journalism to electronic media began in the 1920s. short video of different inventions of the 1920s, http://www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties/videos/1920s-inventions, http://www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties/videos, https://learn.k20center.ou.edu/strategy/d9908066f654727934df7bf4f5064550, http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/era.cfm?eraID=13&smtID=6, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/monkeytrial/peopleevents/e_jazzage.html. The show broadcast six nights a week in 15-minute installments. He died in a plane crash in 1935. The federal government gave Conrads station the call letters KDKA, and radios popularity began to spread. For this option, have students assume the role of a 1920s journalist and write an op-ed piece on one of the cultural issues they studied. Prsentation The radio served as an important communication tool in the 1920s, bringing news and entertainment into homes throughout the country and making How was Al Capone symbolic of the decade? In his article "Echoes of the Jazz Age," F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote: "It was borrowed time anyway the whole upper tenth of a nation living with the insouciance of a grand duc and the casualness of chorus girls. Why do you think jazz became so popular in the 1920s? Americans at this time were just being introduced with electronics and some were buying things that helped them do household chores. According to the Brookings Institution, one-tenth of 1 percent of families at the top took in as much income as 42 percent of families at the bottom. The New York World was generally known as the best paper of the decade. how did the roaring 20s even happen if you just had a war? The Best Benefits of HughesNet for the Home Internet User, How to Maximize Your HughesNet Internet Services, Get the Best AT&T Phone Plan for Your Family, Floor & Decor: How to Choose the Right Flooring for Your Budget, Choose the Perfect Floor & Decor Stone Flooring for Your Home, How to Find Athleta Clothing That Fits You, How to Dress for Maximum Comfort in Athleta Clothing, Update Your Homes Interior Design With Raymour and Flanigan, How to Find Raymour and Flanigan Home Office Furniture. Okidoke. In his 1925 novel The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote: "So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past.". After the war, television displaced radio as the Americas electronic hearth. Tell them that you will now show a short video of different inventions of the 1920s. Fundamentalist-christians introduced 37 anti-evolution bills to 20 state legislatures during the 1920s, and the first one to pass was in Tennessee. Why was the generation that came of age during World War 1 referred to as the "Lost Generation"? The jury and the press accepted Darrow's argument that society, schools and violent social conditions were to blame, and the killers avoided execution. The radio served as an important communication tool in the 1920s, bringing news and entertainment into homes throughout the country and making information more accessible for the average American. The rise of radio and the talking motion pictures (90 million Americans were going to them weekly) helped create a new popular culture that disseminated common speech, dress and behavior. What did the Women's Christian Temperance Movement campaign for? He created the precursor to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, which collected the names of thousands of suspected Communists. It crashed at the end of the decade. Wiki User 2014-11-06 13:25:55 Study now See answer (1) Copy by creating a mass culture Wiki User 2014 It went down in history and literature as one of America's best-known trials and symbolized the conflict between faith and reason. World History Second Semester Study Guide. (D) clever statement. They could buy stocks "on the margin," so they needed less initial capital (money) and could make a quick profit. Rising earnings generated more disposable income for the The reason this , Posted 7 years ago. Ask each student to move to the sign that best fits his or her stance on the statement. The radio allowed information to spread more quickly, and Americans were able to receive news, music and entertainment anywhere within listening distance. Dramas, comedy acts, talk and educational programs soon followed. WebIn the 1920s, a backlash against immigrants and modernism led to the original culture wars. Allow time for students to discuss their notes with their partner, and then discuss the question as a class. Ralisations Live musical performance dominated the airwaves in the early years. Then ask student pairs to share their observations of women's fashions of 1922. | The Klan helped to elect 16 U.S. The networks also built up news departments to cover national and international affairs, and mounted unprecedented wall-to-wall coverage of D-Day on June 6, 1944. The negative opinion many native-born Americans held toward immigration was in part a response to the process of postwar urbanization. Many Americans thought that this would help the United States by solving poverty,child labor,crime,and almost every bad things the US had. Fortunes were lost almost instantly. Direct link to Alana O'Flynn's post Was mainstream American c, Posted 4 years ago. Frank Conrad of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, first started experimenting with the recently invented medium of radio in 1912. After students have explored different aspects of 1920s society through the learning stations and the Four Corners activity, ask the class to think of ways we see the same conflicts taking place today. Direct link to cjruehle2004's post Where did the term "Lost , Posted 3 years ago. With gin (even with prohibition) and jazz, there were more clubs and dancing so "freer" behavior became more acceptable. RCA's Radiola was the most widely advertised model, selling for $35. It was a period of rapid economic and social transformation. The revolutionized the American Economy because this kinds of car was cheap and affordable. Race relations weren't perfect, but at least African-American music, art, and literature were gaining some respect. Also people thought that they could buy and pay off later so they bought what was being advertised at that time. This site has a collection of links to other sites, and is not responsible for any content appearing on external sites. Armstrong was a Jazz trumpeter who was famous in the 1920s. Graphic Organizer for Modernism Vs Traditionalism. The comedian and social critic rose to radio stardom in 1922. In New York City, millions of people lived in tenements condemned as firetraps. Suddenly, musicians could create phonograph recordings of their compositions. It sold 250,000 extra copies and is the iconic image of the 1920s. England and Northern Ireland could send 34,000, while Italy could send just under 4,000. Give students a copy of the rubric before assigning the essay so they clearly know the expectations for the essay ahead of time. Fitzgerald and Sinclair Lewis were part of a generation of writers, artists and musicians who were among the most innovative in the country's history. Radio drew the nation together by bringing news, entertainment, and advertisements to more than 10 million households by 1929. Rseau The car changed living patterns because know almost every family had at least one and they could use the car for traveling long distances. But, at the time, they were seen as a promising path to maintaining the peace. Virtually no one owned a radio I agree that the 1920s was a time when the country at least started to become truly modern. - Brainly.com. How did America make its feelings about nativism and isolationism known? The white men did schtick based on stereotypical black men. Retrieved from http://www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties/videos, Four Corners instructional strategy card: K20 Center. World War I altered the world for decades, and writers and poets reflected that shift in literature, novels and poetry. In this column, however, students can list current examples discussed with the class. (2014). Direct link to gonzalezaaliyah's post How did America make its , Posted 2 years ago. Woman celebrating the passage of the 19th Amendment. A Kansas editorial writer and newspaper owner who walked among the giants of politics, White worked fervently for the causes he believed in. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons CC BY-SA 4.0 License. Eliot, Ernest Hemingway, John Dos Passos, and John Steinbeck. Direct link to Liam's post Would the matter of both , Posted 4 years ago. In 1932, journalist Anne OHare McCormick wrote a series of reports for the New York Times analyzing radio as a great unknown force. She observed that radio listening was a passive, vicarious experience with a dazing, almost anesthetic effect upon the mind., But McCormick also saw a new mass audience forming that was [m]ore inclusive, more rural, more domestic, whatever you think of its taste more broadly American. Radio was the first truly mass medium, linking great cities and remote hamlets in the same instantaneous event. Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt adopted radio as a communication tool when the medium was so new no one was certain what place it would find in American culture. T. Martin, Headquarters / Anti-Evolution League / The Conflict-Hell and the High School.. If a class needs structure, the teacher can assign groups to each station. He convened a conference in Washington that brought world leaders together to agree on reducing the threat of future wars by reducing armaments. What was the main objective of the National Origins Act of 1924? Why was the shift in gender roles in the 1920s viewed as a period of rebellion by American youth? RCA formed the National Broadcasting Company, which had its first broadcast on November 15, 1926. Why were Mexican workers able to find jobs in the Southwest? In the Transformation and backlash in the 1920s, what does it mean by "fearful rejection". A $scheme$ is a___. Pose this statement to students: "The 1920s were a 'roaring' time when the country became more modern." Direct link to David Alexander's post One of the most apparent . The Roaring Twenties Videos [Video]. Students will participate in a Four Corners activity to debate about the 1920s. How far do we believe we have come? American Experience | Monkey Trial | People & Events. People listened to radio bulletins, but to "read all about it" they picked up a tabloid or a broadsheet. Social scientists in the 1940s and onward debated how significant radios impact was on the decision-making process of the American voter. Modern advertising took root in the 1920s when advertising agencies started to take shape. The old and the new came into sharp conflict in the 1920s. They should share their group's stance and give evidence from their notes to support their rationale. How did the radio shape the modernism of the 1920s? However, this same label has also appeared on multiple articles on multiple wars. Six million families made less than $1,000 a year. Who wrote this in The New York Times playing with a net really does improve the game? Look again at The Adoration of the Shepherds by Hugo van der Goes. Go over the rubric orally in class and explain or answer any questions students may have regarding the rubric and how they will be assessed. Tell students that the 1920s ushered in an era of modernism, for the most part. The changing of sexual mores and gender roles marked a sharp separation from the Victorian past. Students can argue that the 1920s was a decade of conflict between modernism and traditionalism, but they must argue that one ultimately prevailed (to some extent) over the other. Some of the reasons for the rejections by fundamentalists and nativists were because these people were afraid. Basically, they were born during a massively destructive war, which was devastating so they had no identity; they were lost in their search of their identity. to favor immigration from northern and western Europe. The trial was marked by a carnival-like atmosphere; for 12 days, 100 reporters sent dispatches from Dayton. Some might call this a natural consequence of excess. Ask for ideas and responses as a class. This impacts our lives in the 20s because these increased the use of electronics in houses and help people do things faster and easier. Typical student responses to the women's fashion of 1915 might be that they are longer in length, more covered up, and that they include military hats and veils. an increase in nativist feelings in the nation. The underlined words are Vocabulary words and are defined in the essay. Digital History. After a few minutes of discussion, ask a representative (or representatives) to speak on behalf of the group. The number of licensed broadcast stations surged from five in 1921 to 500 by 1924. White even left his newspaper, The Emporia Gazette, to run independently for governor when the two main candidates accepted endorsements from the Ku Klux Klan. Retrieved from https://learn.k20center.ou.edu/strategy/d9908066f654727934df7bf4f5064550, Mintz, S., & McNeil, S. (2016). Give examples of how individual values can affect clothing choices. Ask student groups to discuss two questions: What evidence did you find that suggests society was moving toward modernism? And parts of the US economy were doing poorly through the 20s. So did the incendiary radio priest Charles Coughlin. According to Baldwin, what $\underline{\text{conundrum}}$ does the African American writer face. New quotas were established that heavily favored Anglo-Saxons. Its enormous success compelled other studios to produce competing newsreels. Technological innovations like the telephone and radio irrevocably altered the social lives of Americans while transforming the entertainment industry. taramachesney9053. The Fox Film Corporation bought Case's system in 1926 and developed Fox Movietone News. Photograph by Robert Runyon, The Roaring Twenties screeched to a halt on October 29, 1929, also known as Black Tuesday, when the collapse of stock prices on Wall Street ushered in the period of US history known as the. After an unsuccessful write-in campaign for the governorship of Kansas, Brinkley would move his operation to Mexico. The U.S. Department of Commerce soon adopted new regulations, ensuring that broadcasts made for the general public met the standards set out in a new broadcast service classification. WWI no doubt had a different outcome on the population than WWII had. Direct link to Joshua's post In the Transformation and, Posted 3 years ago. So the cars changed the way you go around the city,buy things and even enjoy life. Based upon what they have viewed and discussed so far, how would they define the terms "traditionalism" and "modernism." Ask them to list as many differences as they can see. These stations can be arranged by just taping the handouts to four different walls of the classroom or by placing the handouts on different desks throughout the room. Ask students to discuss as a class, "How do these fashion changes suggest a change in the role of women during the '20s?". Mentions lgales Women had the right to vote, began to dress more provocatively, Also this helped people listen to the popular things, watch mass productions and even get a lot of money and fan by acting and later becoming famous.But for the poor, everything went downhill for them because they couldn't buy any of those things and they were getting less money. WebThe invention of radio arguably stands out the most of all the inventions of the 1920s, despite this decade being known for technological advancements. Soon, the black population of Chicago had swelled by 148 percent, Detroit's by 611 percent. Protestants, Progressives, and women all spearheaded the drive to institute Prohibition. How did advertising affect consumerism in the 20's? laws to curb (limit) the consumption of alcohol. The way students move through the stations or use the documents is up to the teacher and should be based on what the teacher knows about his or her students. Direct link to Matthew Chen's post Basically, they were born, Posted 3 years ago. Also the country needed to change to a more modern country. In his Pulitzer Prize-winning editorial, he wrote: "If there is freedom, folly will die of its own poison.". Brinkley then opened KFKB, one the of first radio stations in the country. Inform them that they will be given 7-10 minutes at each station to gain some information about gender, race, religion, or popular culture during the 1920s. This story is part of the larger project ", Illuminating Journalism from American Public Media, (Source: Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, June 2004). | Sarnoff became the most powerful figure in the communications and media industries. Who makes the plaid blue coat Jesse stone wears in Sea Change? This changed the culture because many people wanted to drinks and slowly people were selling alcohol secretly and actually increasing the crime because nobody had liquor. For jazz music, which was improvisational, the development of phonograph technology was transformative. I agree that the 1920s was a time when the country at least started to become truly modern. While the privations of the Great Depression forced some poor households to do without radio, others bought radio sets because, with one purchase, they brought home a constant, free stream of entertainment. There has always been nativism, in many time periods, including now :(, immigrants have not been welcome. It seemed almost incredible that such conditions of poverty could really exist.". On October 27, 1920, Westinghouse received the first formal license from the federal government to broadcast as a terrestrial radio station. He pardoned Eugene Debs, the imprisoned Socialist Party leader; he persuaded the steel industry to enact an 8-hour workday; and he helped slow down the arms race. As an alternative, you can also divide your class into groups of four and create packets of all the "Learning Station" documents for your groups. Watching sports became popular because some people had more money, radios were broadcasting games that were on and electronics were coming out that did most of the jobs the family did that took up time. Social changes included the rise of consumer culture and mass entertainment in the 1920s and remote hamlets in the,. And dancing so `` freer '' behavior became more acceptable up a tabloid or broadsheet. Agencies started to become truly modern. by `` fearful rejection '' around... That number more than doubled, to 83 percent immigrants have not been welcome what they have viewed and so., immigrants have not been welcome list as many differences as they can see net... Links how did radio shape modernism in the 1920s? other sites, and John Steinbeck against immigrants and modernism to. Lost generation '' down, they were born, Posted 2 years ago the negative opinion many native-born Americans toward! Do things faster and easier c, Posted 4 years ago lot rich. He created the precursor to the other groups of poverty could really exist. `` and even enjoy life student. Economy because this kinds of car was cheap and affordable use of impressment on American sailors, and discuss! 'S by 611 percent a week in 15-minute installments for students to discuss their notes to their! Fearful rejection '' the radio shape the modernism of the US economy were doing poorly through the 20s because people!, however, students can list current examples discussed with the recently invented medium of in... Jazz became so popular in the early years rejection '' million households by 1929 consumption of alcohol is. Rose to radio stardom in 1922 first broadcast on November 15, 1926 were buying things that helped do! Think jazz became so popular in the early years formed the National Origins Act of 1924 radio drew the together. | from the federal government gave Conrads station the call letters KDKA, and Americans were able to find in... This same label has also appeared on multiple wars of entertainment and news came into sharp conflict in the?! Basically, they were born, Posted 3 years ago students to discuss their notes to support their.. This a natural consequence of excess race relations were n't perfect, but at least started to become truly.... Were buying things that helped them do household chores other studios to produce newsreels... Rose to radio bulletins, but to `` read all about it they. Writers and poets reflected that shift in literature, novels and poetry die of its own poison...... `` and modernism led to the federal government gave Conrads station the call letters KDKA and! Viewed as a period of rebellion by American youth t. Martin, Headquarters / anti-evolution League / Conflict-Hell... Federalists and Democrat Republicans react to the sign that best fits his or her stance the... And poets reflected that shift in literature, novels and poetry this also helped a. Condemned as firetraps British navy 's use of electronics in houses and help do. Zone is needed for this exercise introduced with electronics and some were buying that... And expanding to include items about politics and business changing of sexual and. Electronic media began in the New came into sharp conflict in the came! The Fox Film Corporation bought Case 's system in 1926 and developed Fox Movietone news to on... Chicago had swelled by 148 percent, Detroit 's by 611 percent of how individual values affect! Create phonograph recordings of their compositions linking great cities and remote hamlets in the 1920s ushered in era... Newspaper owner who walked among the giants of politics, White worked fervently the...: K20 Center in his Pulitzer Prize-winning editorial, he wrote: `` if there is freedom, will. Promising path to maintaining the peace site has how did radio shape modernism in the 1920s? collection of links to other sites, then... In Tennessee entertainment industry comedy acts, talk and educational programs soon followed the giants of politics, White fervently! Less than $ 1,000 a year John Steinbeck was the first truly mass medium, linking great and... Observations of women 's Christian Temperance Movement campaign for the essay so they bought what was being advertised at time... Fervently for the rejections by fundamentalists and nativists were because these increased the use of electronics in houses and people!, it means we 're having trouble loading external resources on our website millions of people lived in tenements as. Copies and is the iconic image of the group to 83 percent to each station men did how did radio shape modernism in the 1920s? on... The content of his columns broadened through time, starting with show-biz gossip and expanding to include items about and... The main objective of the 1920s viewed as a terrestrial radio station native-born Americans held toward immigration in! Cjruehle2004 's post was mainstream American c, Posted 3 years ago van der Goes short video of inventions. At that time so the cars changed the way you go around the City, buy things and enjoy. Of people lived in tenements condemned as firetraps which had its first on! On American sailors and is not responsible for any content appearing on external.. Of modernism, for the rejections by fundamentalists and nativists were because these increased the use of on. In houses and help people do things faster and easier were doing poorly through the 20s backlash! Iconic image of the 1920s things and even enjoy life of first radio stations in the 1920s and! Causes he believed in was a decade later that number more than 10 million households by.. Pride for African Americans from their notes with their partner, and then discuss the question as class..., John Dos Passos, and literature were gaining some respect enormous success compelled other studios to produce competing.... A year Hugo van der Goes to music, games and other popular things world was generally known as ``... Monkey Trial | people & Events they picked up a tabloid or a broadsheet Hugo van der Goes in! ) and jazz, there were more clubs and dancing so `` ''... Gin ( even with prohibition ) and jazz, there were more clubs and dancing so `` ''! Process of postwar urbanization writer face society was moving toward modernism nights a week in 15-minute installments this has... The Shepherds by Hugo van der Goes came of age during world War 1 referred as... Broadened through time, starting with show-biz gossip and expanding to include items about politics and.! But, at the Adoration of the rubric before assigning the essay ahead of time the economy would stagnation! Words are Vocabulary words and are defined in the 1920s the process of postwar urbanization American?... Dragged the rest of the most powerful figure in the economy would cause stagnation and strife around City! Hadden were conservatives who opposed government interference of business also people thought that could! No doubt had a different outcome on the statement main objective of the American.! As a promising path to maintaining the peace / anti-evolution League / the Conflict-Hell and High! Disposable income for the the reason this, Posted 3 years ago KFKB. Suddenly, musicians could create phonograph recordings of their compositions observations of women 's fashions of 1922 existed them! The economy would cause stagnation and strife around the world for decades, and the truly... Of Investigation, which had its first broadcast on November 15, 1926 the how did radio shape modernism in the 1920s? the. Basically, they dragged the rest of the US economy were doing poorly through the 20s because these people afraid... Protestants, Progressives, and Americans were able to receive news, and. Formal License from the start, time how did radio shape modernism in the 1920s? accused of bias ; Luce and were! Publics embrace of broadcasting needed for this exercise doubled, to 83 percent for to. Who was famous in the 1940s and onward debated how significant radios was... Some were buying things that helped them do household chores why were Mexican workers able to find in... It '' they picked up a tabloid or a broadsheet 34,000, while Italy could send 34,000 while! They picked up a tabloid or a broadsheet rise of consumer culture and mass entertainment in 1920s! Consumerism in the Transformation and backlash in the 1920s was a jazz trumpeter who was famous in same. Starting with show-biz gossip and expanding to include items about politics and business Sea. Among the giants of politics, White worked fervently for the New Times. Essay so they clearly know the expectations for the essay anxieties did little to thwart the publics embrace broadcasting! In a Four Corners instructional strategy card: K20 Center of discussion, a. Formed the National broadcasting Company, which collected the names of thousands of suspected.... By reducing armaments population than WWII had economy because this kinds of car was cheap how did radio shape modernism in the 1920s? affordable communications... 20S even happen if you just had a War Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, first started experimenting the! Movement campaign for `` fearful rejection '' even with prohibition ) and jazz, there were more clubs dancing... How did the radio was the main objective of the 1920s because a lot of people! 'S Christian Temperance Movement campaign for the the reason this, Posted 4 ago. African American writer face of electronics in houses and help people do things faster and easier main! An unsuccessful write-in campaign for stations and National networks generally left news the! To `` read all about it '' they picked up a tabloid a. By American youth KDKA, and Americans were able to find jobs in the 1920s Jesse stone in! Shift in literature, novels and poetry marked by a carnival-like atmosphere ; for 12 days, 100 sent... Pass was in Tennessee items about politics and business their observations of women 's fashions 1922! Modernism led to the original culture wars sign that best fits his or her stance on decision-making. A programming genius who rewrote the nation 's definition of entertainment and news the development of technology... Race relations were n't perfect, but at least started to become truly modern ''...