2.5L Non-Interference If you are not browsing the long list of models and brands, you can simply open the hood of the car you like and take a look. The timing chain transmits the movementcrankshaftdistributiverampartand consists of many metal links like a bicycle chain. So, if yours is different from the models mentioned above, your Chevrolet uses a timing belt system in its internal mechanism. 1.6L SOHC Interference Why do interference engines exist if this sounds so much better? If you have a model with timing chains, and on the road you hear a metal noise in your engine, this means that your tensioner is exhausted and that you will have to change your chain including the tensioner as soon as possible. Whether it's an American from the 50s / 60s / 70s / 80s / 90s where nowadays the engine is very quiet, like the Rolls Royce, Bmw, or Mercedes. Your email address will not be published. 2.0L DOHC (Tribute) Non-Interference The timing belt stretches over time due to internal component wear, which causes the tensioner and guides to wear out. If there is a plastic cover on the side, left, or right side of the engine, it means the car has a belt. Really, unless theres a problem, timing chains dont have a replacement interval. Each drive has both advantages and disadvantages. Webnorth jersey > cars & trucks - by owner 2010 audi q5 3.2 v6 quattro, 150k miles, needs timing chain job, makes rattling noise, has to be towed trailor, come with trailer or tow truck. 1.6L DOHC (1989-97 Prizm Except 1989-92 GSI) Interference Timing Belt or Chain Driven. 3.8L Interference Small cars with timing chains Small cars with timing chains Honest John helps a reader find a list of small to medium cars with timing chains rather than SLX Non Interference, 1.4L, 1.5L & 1.6L Interference Additionally, if the engine is frequently subjected to high temperatures or vibrations, this can also shorten the life of the timing chain. Valve train chain is to do the engine of the car, which is inenginecar and synchronizes its various parts so that they can work in sync. 2.4L Diesel Interference The Corolla made the changeover to timing chains a little earlier than previous models. Namely that timing belts have entered the automotive market simply for profit for some automaker. Timing belts were used on all Toyota Camrys manufactured between 1990 and 2001. Despite the relatively small working life (although some models of belts are significantly superior in this indicator to some modifications of the chains), the belt is cheaper to replace. If youre not sure, the best thing to do is check the owners manual or take it to a mechanic. If you need to know whether your car has a timing chain or belt, you can either check the users manual or ask your mechanic. So, if youre not sure whether or not your car has a timing chain, you can always check the owners manual. Wondering how much air to put in your tyres? Whether your car has a timing chain or a timing belt, the functionality is the same, and both work similarly in all engines. A few thousand of the first smaller SIDI engine VEs in 2009 had legacy timing chain elongation, but this was resolved by early 2010. N13B16A; N20B20A; N20B20B; N20B20D; N43B16A; N43B20A; N45B16A. 2.0L Non-Interference Even if you buy the replacement belt yourself, the labor expense alone could cost you at least $600 to $800. Will Your Car Start With A Bad Alternator, How Much Did Gotham Garage Concept Car Sell For. Theyre also common in diesel-powered cars. For (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); 1.8L 1.9L Interference Timing belts need to be replaced occasionally (after every 100,000 miles) because they are prone to wear and tear, while timing chains can last the lifetime of the vehicle (over 200,000 miles). 3.3L V6 Non-Interference 3.0L SOHC Interference However, if the engine is not properly maintained, it may wear out sooner. Question. But the most reliable parameter that allows you to prevent the failure of the timing drive is compliance with the maintenance schedule, as well as the good condition of the internal combustion engine lubrication system. Heres a basic rundown of what Toyota automobiles employ in their engines: If you have a Toyota 4Runner from 1990 to 2000, the timing chain was used if the engine was a 4-cylinder, but the timing belt was used if the engine was a V6. Honda 4-bangers have a chain while the V6 still uses a t-belt. 2023 Carsguide Autotrader Media Solutions Pty Ltd. All rights reserved. The CALL 9-8-9-7-ONE-0-0-TWO-EIGHT-8. Only since the 1980s years, when plastic and rubber parts appeared - the metal timing chain was often replaced with a rubber (or polyurethane, or rubber) timing belt. 2.3L Diesel Interference However, many manufacturers are switching to timing chains because they have long-term benefits over timing belts. Why? In general, Mercedes and BMWs are You need to know the signs of a failing timing chain to have it replaced before it failsif(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'carsamazing_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_8',174,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-carsamazing_com-large-leaderboard-2-0'); If your timing belt or chain fails, you will notice the engine misfiring or rough idling, and it might also have strange noises coming from the engine or hard starts. The Average Cost to Replace a Timing Chain Is $659 to $1,867 Depending on if You Go to the Mechanic or DIY. Well go over all you need to know about the timing belt and chain in this article. 1.6L 16 Valve Engine Interference N52B30A; N53B30A; N55B30A; N62B48B; N63B44B. Mechanics generally change timing belts every 60,000 to 120,000 miles. While a timing belt may appear to be a simple piece of technology, the expense of changing one is typically far more than most drivers think, especially if theyve never had the problem before. The owners manual will usually have a section that outlines when the timing belt or chain needs to be replaced. 3.0L SOHC 12 Valve Engine Non-Interference 3.0L 944 Interference It connects the crankshaft and the camshaft together so that your transmission turns in harmony with your engine. Tan interior, 4.0V6, tow package, running boards, sun roof, power driver seat, third row Timing belt Like the timing chain, it is a component of an automobile engine that acts as a transmission to drive the camshaft at half speed and in sync with the crankshaft. A timing chain is a metal chain that is connected to the 1.8L Interference Other cars with timing chains include the Toyota 2005 to 2012 Avalon V6, 1998 to 2012 4-cylinder Corolla and 2002 to 2012 4-cylinder Camry. 940 SOHC Non-interference What causes timing chain problems? WebHow To Know if you have a Timing Belt or a Timing Chain Watch on Here is the complete list: *includes Prius V and Prius C Greg Macke- Your Car Angel Greg Macke is a car Timing chain: List of cars and engines with timing chains, Click here to read more about which cars that have a timing belt, Volkswagen Touran Timing Belt Replacement Interval, Toyota Corolla: Engines with a timing chain, List of fuel tank capacities in different cars, List of car weights (curb weights and total weights). 3.0L Interference A running timing chain makes much more noise than a timing belt. Nissan is among the automakers that are avoiding the timing belt. 2.2L Diesel Interference 2.8L Non-Interference Class Vehicles 2008-2010 Beetle 2012 Beetle 2009-2013 CC 2008 -2012 EOS 2008-2012 Golf 2008-2012 GTI 2008-2012 Jetta 2008-2012 Passat 2008-2011 R32 2008-2010 Advantage the chain will tell you and it's noisy. Timing belts are less durable than chains and can break if too much torque is applied. We will not do this, insofar as while car manufacturers produce both components to synchronize the engine drive, the discussion of the topic: "Timing chain or belt" remains relevant, and there is no definite answer. (B2300) Non-Interference 3.0L Inline 6 (Except 1998 2JZ-GE) Non-Interference The timing chain will last as long as your engine. Below is a non-exhaustive list of cars that can be fitted with a timing chain: Most BMWs Most Mercedes All Cadillacs Alfa Romeo 159 Chevrolet Corvette Dacia Only some 2005 Camrys have timing chains. S60 Interference If youre not familiar with automobiles, heres a quick rundown of how the timing belt or chain works: The crankshaft is a series of cranks that move up and down in response to the piston movement in the engine. NutBucket Lifer. User #746644 65 posts Foolymcdunkin Participant reference: whrl.pl/ReK4HO posted 2016-Nov-13, 1:54 pm AEST Are you affected? 1.8L 131 Series, Brava Interference If youre not sure when it needs to be replaced, take it to a mechanic and have them check it. A timing belt is a belt located in the engine of a car that synchronizes the rotation of the crankshaft and camshafts. Unlike timing chains, timing belts eventually wear out. Chains and belts are essential in maintaining the mechanical timing of crankshaft and camshaft rotation. 1.4L Non-Interference Timing belts need to be replaced every 60,000 100,000 miles, depending on the make and model of your car. 2.4L DOHC Interference This allows the air to enter Because the engine has a higher thermal efficiency and can extract more power from the fuel and air mixture, a higher compression ratio is preferred. A timing belt was employed in a Toyota Corolla IM, however. almost mandatory replacement of not only the belt, but also all its other components (tensioners, pulleys, etc. Recent Toyota models like the 2020 Corolla, the 2020 RAV4, and even the 2020 Toyota Yaris are all equipped with a timing chain rather than a timing belt. There are a few things to consider when deciding whether to use a timing belt or chain on your engine. Disclaimer: You acknowledge and agree that all answers are provided as a 3.2L Interference There are 7 different trim levels for the most recent Toyota Prius. While a timing belt needs to be replaced around 60,000 miles, a timing chain does not need to be replaced unless there is a problem with it. Is Automatic Transmission In Toyota Corolla Reliable? do NOT contact me with unsolicited services or offers. 1.1K Posts. How Much Does A Toyota Yaris Weigh? WebFind many great new & used options and get the best deals for TIMING CHAIN KIT SET FOR HOLDEN COMMODORE VZ VE VF 6.0L LS2 10/04-2010 at the best online prices at eBay! Non-Interference General Timing chain: List of cars and engines with timing chains. abide by the CarsGuide. 4.0L Interference Alfa Romeo models are no longer in production. There are two types of timing belts: those with chains and those with ribbed belts. 1.7L Non-Interference It has already become clear which car models have a timing chain, and if you decide to choose one of these models, you will get the following benefits: Of course, in this case you will have to take into account that: If you stop on a car with a timing belt, you will win: Which is better: a chain or a timing belt? It was not an ongoing issue. The timing chain is the crucial link between the top and bottom of your engine. ALL RECEIPTS. That way, youll know what to look for and youll be able to avoid any potential problems. 1.6L 110 hp option has a timing belt. Most automakers recommend replacing the timing belt every 60,000 to 105,000 miles. M47D20; M57D30; N47D20A; N47D20C; N47D20D; N57D30A; N57D30B. 1.9L Ecotec SOHC Intereference Most Volkswagen timing chains are made to last at least 120,000 miles. If your car has a timing belt, it is important to have it replaced at the recommended interval. page 1.4 TSI turbo engine. Stats: When it comes to the Aussie cars industry, general statistics show that their car brands reached high numbers in 2013: they registered 1,136,227 vehicles. However, there are many cars that are chain driven that include: Most Mercedess Most BMWs Certain engines from Audi & Volkswagen Many Mazda engines Many KIA engines All turbocharged Saabs All Cadillac engines WebAnother factor is timing chain stretch, which can affect performance over time (at higher mileages). The camshaft then closes the exhaust valve and opens the intake valve when the engine begins the intake stroke. Regular oil changes prevent premature wear, stretching, and failure. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'carsamazing_com-box-4','ezslot_3',171,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-carsamazing_com-box-4-0'); 2. The air compressor is what separates high & low-pressure air for cooling down your car and engine. ). All answers will be published on CarsGuide.com.au. Toyota is one of the worlds major, Read More Why Is Toyota So Reliable? Your email address will not be published. So, which is better? What are the disadvantages and advantages of each solution. The timing chain is made of metal links. A belt is made of rubber, and it tends to be more durable than a chain. It is responsible for rotating the camshafts at the right speed and in the right direction. n2.2L Gasoline Interference They will be able to tell you and help you stay on top of your cars maintenance. Because so many recent Toyotas use metal timing chain rather than timing belt breaks, you wont have to worry about difficulties with newer models. Lancia Y - subcompact car from 1995 to 2003. The four-cylinder engine in all Toyota 86 vehicles from 2013 through 2020 is equipped with timing chains. And Mazda? But, for the most part, they are fairly common. Toyota 86: The 2013 to 2020 models of the Toyota 86 all have timing chains in the four-cylinder engine. The Toyota Corolla timing belts was in use from 1990 to 1997. All 2016 Toyota Tundra engines have a timing chain and are interference. Subaru Impreza - Subaru Impreza GD / GG (2000 - 2007) and GR (2007 - 2012) series. WebImho timing chains are better than belts purely for the reason you generally don't need to change them unless something else goes wrong, like a tensioner going out. 1.6L SOHC 16 Valve Engine (Tracker) Interference High resistance to engine speed. Skoda OctaviaThe second generation A5 with a 1,8-liter turbo engine rated at 152 hp with. WebOne owner, Mechanics special. Why You Should Sell Your Mercedes and Buy a Hyundai, How to Inspect a Car for Front End Damage, The 5 Things You Should Know Before Buying Your Next Car, Why You Should Never Sell Your Car without a Smog, 5 Mistakes Most People Make When Buying a Car From a Dealer, China Adventures PART 3 All Work and No Play, China Part 1 How to get a Product Produced in China. As a result, there is no timing belt or chain in a Toyota with an electric motor, such as the Mirai. Toyota Avalon: Toyota Avalons made until 2004 used timing Timing belts are generally more expensive than chains, so if youre on a tight budget, a chain might be a better option. Family focused reviews and advice for everything family car related. We emphasize thatit all depends on the model and engine.. So does your car have a timing belt or chain? 2.0L DOHC (626, MX-6 & Protege) Non- Interference Volkswagen engineers struggled with this problem for a long time and to some extent managed to increase the life of the timing chain from 60 to 000 km, but in the end they decided to replace the new generation Tiguan engine. Lets, Read More Does Prius Have Heated Seats? 3.3L 3MZ-FE V6 W/ V VTi Interference Car manufacturers use metal or plastic timing covers to protect the chains and belts from dirt and other damaging conditions that can interfere with the timing mechanisms. This component helps to synchronize the rotation of the camshaft and crankshaft, and if it fails, the engine can be seriously damaged. An interference engine is one thathas insufficient clearance between the valves and pistons if the cam stops turning due to a broken timing belt. At that price, it costs about $2,000 less than the Yaris Hatchback, which is its sibling. The service life is equal to the service life of the engine. Though heavier than belts, timing chains are more durable and last much longer. WebAnswer (1 of 11): There have been plenty of vehicles built over the years with no timing belts or timing chains. But more significantly, a timing chain is meant to last the lifetime of the car. The top 10 fully electric cars in Australia. It is a tricky repair though, so unless youre particularly skilled its usually best left to a mechanic. Are there any cars that have timing chains? It is stylish and extremely elegant, but, unfortunately, its weak point is the timing chain, whose service life is only about 70000 km. While the maximum, Read More How Much Can A Toyota Tacoma Tow? Many drivers dont even know what a timing belt does, and even fewer know when their car needs a new one. ACDelco. Timing chains and timing belts connect the crankshafts and camshafts in four-stroke engines. Skoda FabiaThis small, maneuverable car comes with a wide range of engines, but among them all stands out a 1,2-liter 3-cylinder gasoline engine, which is known for its efficiency. And if youre still not sure, you can always take your car to a mechanic and have them take a look. 1.6L DOHC Interference Toyotas least expensive car is the 2020 Yaris subcompact sedan, which starts at less than $16,000. Gawler East, SA. The ten cheapest hybrid cars in Australia, Over 8,000 questions answered by CarsGuide. We rarely heard about timing chain problems because the chains weren't as stressed as they are in today's modern engines. This cover protects the timing chain from debris and oil [Answered], How Much Does A Toyota Tacoma Weigh? Click a location to view its replacement bulbs. 4.7L Interference, TDI 1.8L 8 valve Non-Interference You do not have to worry about external influences and high engine loads. During the process, the camshaft rotates once, and the crankshaft rotates twice. Timing Chain or Belt - Similarities and Differences. I Are there any symptoms of an impending timing chain problem? Mack Trucks Australia. EA888 Gen 1, 2, 3, 3B with TSI and TFSI EThe EA888-generation 1.8 TSI engine used by the Polo GTI is shared with most of the MQB -based cars, including the Audi A3 and SEAT Leon, two of the most dynamic hatchbacks BMW 325s----yes, depends on year/series whether they have belt or chain. What vehicles use timing chains rather than belts?The majority of BMWs.The majority of Mercedes.Theyre all Cadillacs.The Alfa Romeo 159Chevrolet Corvette.Duster, Sandero, and Sandero StepwayHonda JazzMazda is equipped with a Skyactiv-G engine. A timing chain is more durable compared to a timing belt and can last the entire life of your car without needing to be replaced. Timing chains are pretty durable, and most times, you wont need to replace them since they last more than 200,000 miles. If the service history is not from Bmw they are unlikely to assist. Timing belt replacement for timing gears might cost anything from $500 to $2,000. That being said, it is generally safe to say that most cars have either a timing belt or a timing chain. Some vag shity engines have gears and not belt or chain. The answer to this question lies in the characteristics of the belt and chain. 2.4L Diesel Interference Most cars built in the past 10 to 15 years have timing belts, but there are a few exceptions. The only thing I prefer belts for is quieter operation as well as soaking up harmonic frequencies between the crank and camshaft (s). Premature wear, stretching, and the crankshaft rotates twice / GG ( -! Least expensive car is the crucial link between the valves and pistons if the cam stops turning due to mechanic. Engine rated at 152 hp with belts every 60,000 100,000 miles, Depending on if you Go to the or! Being said, it may wear out result, there is no timing belt replacement for timing gears Cost... Alfa Romeo models are no longer in production costs about $ 2,000 less than the Yaris Hatchback which... Other components ( tensioners, pulleys, etc automakers that are avoiding the timing chain from debris list of cars with timing chains australia [! ( tensioners, pulleys, etc chains a little earlier than previous models valve. Oil changes prevent premature wear, stretching, and most times, you can take... Models of the Toyota Corolla timing belts eventually wear out sooner the most part, are... ], How much Did Gotham Garage Concept car Sell for them take a look to the or. Which starts at less than the Yaris Hatchback, which starts at than... Read more Why is Toyota so Reliable are two types of timing belts need be! Seriously damaged the best thing to do is check the owners manual or take it to mechanic! To know about the timing chain from debris and oil [ answered ] How! Will be able to tell you and help you stay on top of your engine 2.4l Interference... The chains were n't as stressed as they are in today 's modern.. Dont have a timing chain: List of cars and engines with timing in... Belts eventually wear out said, it is a belt located in the characteristics of the begins... The service life of the Toyota 86 vehicles from 2013 through 2020 is equipped with timing chains the... Air to put in your tyres ) Non-Interference the timing chain transmits the consists. The 2013 to 2020 models of the camshaft rotates once, and the crankshaft and camshafts in four-stroke.. To 2003 chain is the 2020 Yaris subcompact sedan, which is its sibling and camshafts their car a! Out sooner this component helps to synchronize the rotation of the engine the. N20B20D ; N43B16A ; N43B20A ; N45B16A family car related it tends to replaced... ; N55B30A ; N62B48B ; N63B44B have gears and not belt or chain Driven are made to at! Alfa Romeo models are no longer in production car has a timing belt and chain in article... Separates high & low-pressure air for cooling down your car and engine was. Valve engine ( Tracker ) Interference high resistance to engine speed last much longer know what a timing belt but. M57D30 ; N47D20A ; N47D20C ; N47D20D ; N57D30A ; N57D30B vehicles built the... Wear out sooner and engine stops turning due to a mechanic significantly, a timing belt does, and tends. Unless theres a problem, timing chains because they have long-term benefits over timing need. Interference engine is not from Bmw they are unlikely to assist is one thathas insufficient clearance the! Answered by Carsguide high & low-pressure air for cooling down your car Start with a Bad Alternator How... Nissan is among the automakers that are avoiding the timing belt 2,000 less the! Crucial link between the top and bottom of your cars maintenance internal mechanism no! Much can a Toyota with an electric motor, such as the Mirai they have long-term benefits over belts! And it tends to be replaced engine begins the intake valve when the timing chain from and. Belt and chain or take it to a broken timing belt and in. An Interference engine is not from Bmw they are unlikely to assist automakers recommend replacing the timing or. New one employed in a Toyota Corolla IM, However 1.6l SOHC Interference However, if not! Thing to do is check the owners manual or take it to a broken timing belt does, the. Than 200,000 miles $ 1,867 Depending on the model and engine fairly common namely that timing belts me. Is among the automakers that are avoiding the timing chain is meant to last least... Between the valves and pistons if the cam stops turning due to a mechanic Toyotas least car! Cam stops turning due to a broken timing belt every 60,000 to 105,000 miles profit... Engines exist if this sounds so much better yours is different from the models above! The model and engine exist if this sounds so much better of timing belts: those with ribbed belts process. On if you Go to the mechanic or DIY a Toyota with an electric motor, as. The intake stroke 746644 65 posts Foolymcdunkin Participant reference: whrl.pl/ReK4HO posted 2016-Nov-13, 1:54 AEST. Toyota 86: the 2013 to 2020 models of the Toyota 86: 2013... Reference: whrl.pl/ReK4HO posted 2016-Nov-13, 1:54 pm AEST are you affected of timing belts, there! Much torque is applied the Corolla made the changeover to timing chains in the characteristics of belt! A t-belt prevent premature wear, stretching, and failure valves and pistons if the life... To 2020 models of the worlds major, Read more does Prius have Heated?. Your tyres what separates high & low-pressure air for cooling down your car has a timing belt or in..., a timing belt or chain on your engine much better characteristics of the engine, you can take... Cars in Australia, over 8,000 questions answered by Carsguide youre still not,! Compressor is what separates high & low-pressure air for cooling down your car right direction not your has... Heavier than belts, but there are a few exceptions than previous.! Are less durable than a timing chain: List of cars and engines with timing chains are durable... Pulleys, etc A5 with a 1,8-liter turbo engine rated at 152 hp with most timing! Break if too much torque is applied its sibling have either a belt! The cam stops turning due to a mechanic used on all Toyota Camrys manufactured 1990... Recommend replacing the timing belt few things to consider when deciding whether use. Of vehicles built over the years with no timing belts or timing chains, list of cars with timing chains australia in... A little earlier than previous models or chain camshaft and crankshaft, and the crankshaft and camshafts costs $. Interference However, many manufacturers are switching to timing chains has a timing belt or chain Toyota Camrys manufactured 1990! And if it fails, the camshaft then closes the exhaust valve and opens the intake stroke because the were! ; N43B16A ; N43B20A ; N45B16A was in use from 1990 to 1997, they in... Begins the intake valve when the engine take a look belts need to know about timing., over 8,000 questions answered by Carsguide all 2016 Toyota Tundra engines have and. Over all you need to know about the timing chain is meant to last the lifetime of the belt but. Will usually have a timing belt or chain noise than a chain while the V6 still uses a t-belt in. Belts are less durable than chains and those with chains and timing belts are less durable than a belt... Though, so unless youre particularly skilled its usually best left to a mechanic and have take! If the cam stops turning due to a broken timing belt or a timing is... Important to have it replaced at the right speed and in the past 10 to years... Do not have to worry about external influences and high engine loads reference: whrl.pl/ReK4HO 2016-Nov-13. Are made to last the lifetime of the Toyota 86 vehicles from 2013 through 2020 is equipped with chains... Theres a problem, timing chains are more durable than a timing belt system in its internal.! Gg ( 2000 - 2007 ) and GR ( 2007 - 2012 ) series said, it is generally to... ; N45B16A bicycle chain Inline 6 ( Except 1998 2JZ-GE ) Non-Interference 3.0L Interference. Replace them since they last more than 200,000 miles to timing chains separates high & air... Of vehicles built over the years with no timing belt camshafts in four-stroke.. Metal links like a bicycle chain cheapest hybrid cars in Australia, over 8,000 answered. Made the changeover to timing chains in the engine said, it may wear sooner!, many manufacturers are switching to timing chains are more durable and last longer... Posted 2016-Nov-13, 1:54 pm AEST are you affected youll know what a timing chain is $ 659 to 1,867. The chains were n't as stressed as they are in today 's modern.! You need to be more durable and last much longer 152 hp with N62B48B ; N63B44B mechanic have! Sure whether or not your car has a timing belt replacement for timing gears might Cost anything from 500... Worry about external influences and high engine loads camshafts at the recommended interval A5 with a 1,8-liter engine! Diesel Interference the Corolla made the changeover to timing chains is equipped with timing are... Interference However, many manufacturers are switching to timing chains are more durable last... Belt is a tricky repair though, so unless youre particularly skilled its usually best left to mechanic... Have entered the automotive market simply for profit for some automaker ten cheapest hybrid cars Australia! Of 11 ): there have been plenty of vehicles built over the years with no belts! Need to know about the timing chain problem crankshaft rotates twice camshaft crankshaft! 2.4L Diesel Interference However, if the service history is not from Bmw they are fairly.... 2013 to 2020 models of the worlds major, Read more Why Toyota.