Once you know the specific parts of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems a bit better, its time to put your medical terminology expertise into practice. The table below lists 120 commonly used Greek and Latin root words, prefixes, and suffixes. X-ray taken from the side shows a pars fracture in the fifth lumbar vertebra. Meaning: spinal cord, bone marrow, Type: combining form A suffix is found after a combining form of a word root and adds to the meaning of the word root. The five vertebrae in the lower back comprise the lumbar spine. Prefix: A prefix is placed at the beginning of a word to modify or change its meaning. Make sure your answer has: There is an error in phone number. After we've studied context clues in-depth, moving on to the morphology of words and studying prefixes, suffixes, roots, and base words is a natural progression for students. of -ikos-ic after noun stems ending in i: one affected with hemophiliac: nostalgiac: acanth-oracantho-combining formNL, fr. Copyright 1995-2021 by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. The remainder of the infographic is a chart, broken in three sections. The lower lumbar spine has a risk of developing stress weakness at the location of a spondylolysis in all children, adolescents, and adults who walk upright. Prefix Suffix Meaning Balloon Pop Game Balloon pop. Basic Rules for Suffix and Prefix. before vowels spondyl-, combining form meaning "vertebrae," from Greek spondylos "a vertebra," in plural "the backbone," variant of sphondylos, of uncertain origin. Suffixes -ize and -ify prefix im- dis- Open the box. When symptoms do occur, the most common symptom is lower back pain. It is a very common prefix seen in words such as unstoppable, unconquered, and unrestrained. Fusion eliminates motion between the damaged vertebrae and takes away some spinal flexibility. Just paste your text in the form below, enter the prefix and/or suffix strings in the options, press the Append Prefix and Suffix button, and each line of your text will be wrapped between the given strings. Hundreds of medical terms can be created by using the roots, prefixes, and suffixes mentioned in the previous tables. Meaning: substance that produces, Type: suffix Spondylosis usually denotes a degenerative process of the spine. 61. Post the Definition of spondylolisthesis to Facebook, Share the Definition of spondylolisthesis on Twitter. El_____________de esta pelcula romntica es muy guapo. Meaning: specialist, Type: suffix (attached to root) Suffixes in medical terms are common to English language suffixes. Check out this list of lymphatic roots and suffixes. by Tcinn. Like prefixes, suffixes could be placed into different categories of meaning. 2023. The prefix is 'im'. The five vertebrae in the lower back comprise the lumbar spine. Pain from spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis starts in the center of the lower back and radiates downward. Meaning: urinary bladder, Type: combining form In addition, your child will need regular check-ups to ensure that problems do not develop. Jennifer L. Dorsey, PhD has coauthored, revised, and ghostwritten books in the medical, business, and personal growth categories for more than 20 years. Orton Gillingham Reading OG prefixes and suffixes. Meaning: loins, lower back, Type: combining form Prefixes: List of 50+ Common Prefixes in English. G2 G3 English Morphology Orton Gillingham phonics syllables. Meaning: structure, substance, Type: suffix (attached to root) Anyone seeking specific orthopaedic advice or assistance should consult his or her orthopaedic surgeon, or locate one in your area through the AAOS Find an Orthopaedist program on this website. Enhancing your vocabulary by learning new words can seem overwhelming, but if you know the common prefixes and suffixes of English, you will understand many more words. Meaning: condition of producing, forming, Type: suffix This test is no longer used very often, however. Medical vocabulary: suffixes Suffix Meaning Example Algia pain neuralgia Desis fusion arthrorodesis . Once you know the specific parts of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems a bit better, its time to put your medical terminology expertise into practice. All rights reserved. In most cases, the patient can gradually resume sports and other activities with few complications or recurrences. Myogram (myo-gram): A myogram is a graphical recording of muscle activity. The theory is that if the painful spine segment does not move, it should not hurt. Rules for Adding Suffix. Suffixes usually indicate a procedure, condition, disorder or disease. Spondylolysis (spon-dee-low-lye-sis) and spondylolisthesis (spon-dee-low-lis-thee-sis) are common causes of low back pain in children and adolescents. The white arrow shows the pars fracture. While suffix is also a letter or a group of letters, but it appears at the end of any word. 04.04.2022. Compare the suffix -itis, denoting inflammation in the system. Wikipedia: One exception I can think of is the word osmosis, which means something entirely different: Physical therapy. (Many scientific and mathematical prefixes have been omitted.) Un- also means not. el (la) criminal-el crtico, la crtica-el galn-el (la) extraterrestre. lungs, Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the Spondylolysis is a weakness or stress fracture in one of the vertebrae, the small bones that make up the spinal column. We discuss how prefixes, roots, and suffixes are actually context clues in and of themselves. A stress fracture can occur in adolescents who participate in sports that involve repeated stress on the lower back, such as gymnastics, football, and weightlifting. Meaning: embryonic, immature, Type: suffix 13 Things You Need to Know Before Working in a Pharmacy, Who's Who in a Hospital? (Left) The pars interarticularis is a narrow bridge of bone found in the back portion of the vertebra. from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, POSNA (Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America), Radiate to the buttocks and back of the thighs, Worsen with activity and improve with rest, Tight hamstrings (the muscles in the back of the thigh), Return the patient to sports and other daily activities, Back pain that has not improved after a period of nonsurgical treatment. In these patients, the stress fracture will have a low chance of healing, even after several months in a brace. Meaning: abnormal, beside, near, Type: prefix Doctors commonly describe spondylolisthesis as either low grade or high grade, depending upon the amount of slippage. These bones connect to create a canal that protects the spinal cord. Many prefixes that you find in medical terms are common to English language prefixes. Prior to placing the bone graft, your doctor may use metal screws and rods to further stabilize the spine and improve the chances of successful fusion. List of Prefixes & Suffixes with Examples - Download PDF Over time, this type of repetitive activity can weaken the pars interarticularis, leading to fracture and/or slippage of a vertebra. mega-prefix for large, great. Intervertebral disks. The remainder of the infographic is a chart, broken in three sections. When you add a prefix to a word, you shouldn't change the spelling of the original word or the prefix. Meaning: surgical puncture to remove fluid, Type: suffix The same components are used in many medical terms. An X-ray taken from the side will help your doctor determine the amount of forward slippage. Meaning: drooping, sagging, prolapse, Type: suffix Delivered to your inbox! Rule#1: While using a suffix, you need to understand that sometimes they can have multiple meanings. Other times, damage to the intervertebral discs may cause this instability of the spine. This website also contains material copyrighted by third parties. Think impossible, impregnable, incapable, inconceivable. Nerve roots branch out from the spinal cord through openings in the vertebrae. Word prefix root suffix definition Spondylolisthesis. Study Ch 11 - Genitourinary Roots, Prefixes, Suffixes flashcards from Gayle Stephens's Med-Assist School of Hawaii Inc class online, or in Brainscape's iPhone or Android app. Suffixes are not always explicitly stated in the definition of a word. Heres a list of cardio roots, prefixes, and suffixes. In order to properly spell and pronounce medical terms, it is helpful to learn the suffixes. macro-prefix for large, abnormal size, or long. Spondylolisthesis is a condition involving spine instability, which means the vertebrae move more than they should. Prefixes Prefixes are located at the beginning of a medical term. A prefix is found before a combining form of a word root and usually will indicate a location, time, number or status of the word root. spondylolisthesis 'cite' Prefix and Suffix sort Group sort. Meaning: condition, usually abnormal, Type: suffix Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like agglutin/o, bas/o, chrom/o and more. Youre now equipped with a useful shorthand guide to medical terminology. An easy example would be the word 'prefix' itself! If x-rays show a crack or stress fracture in the pars interarticularis portion of the fourth or fifth lumbar vertebra, it is an indication of spondylolysis. The word ending. Here are some common cardiovascular and lymphatic vocabulary words. It's a great place to start if you're interested in adding a regularly scheduled word parts practice to your daily teaching agenda. Learn your Prefixes and Suffixes with The Bazillions!Prefix or Suffix?2013 T. Can you hear what fits before the root of the word? It can also help the doctor determine if there is injury to the pars interarticularis before it can be seen on X-ray. Spondylolisthesis is the only spinal abnormality that does factually increase a patient's risk of suffering back pain. Here are some common cardiovascular and lymphatic vocabulary words.
\n| Word | \nWhat It Means | \n
|---|---|
| Anticoagulant | \nAgent or drug that slows the clotting process | \n
| Aorta | \nLargest artery in the body | \n
| Atrium, Atria | \nUpper chambers of the heart | \n
| Auscultation | \nHearing sounds in the body through a stethoscope | \n
| Blood pressure | \nPressure exerted by blood against the vessel walls | \n
| Capillary | \nSmallest blood vessel | \n
| Cardiac | \nPertaining to the heart | \n
| Cardiologist | \nPhysician who studies and treats diseases of the heart | \n
| Cardiology | \nStudy of the heart and its diseases | \n
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: | \n(CPR) Emergency procedure consisting of artificial ventilation\nand external cardiac massage | \n
| Coronary arteries: | \nThe blood vessels that branch from the aorta to carry\noxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle | \n
| Diastole | \nThe relaxation phase of the heart beat | \n
| Endocardium | \nInner lining of the heart | \n
| Erythrocyte | \nRed blood cell | \n
| Hematologist | \nPhysician who studies and treats diseases of the blood | \n
| Hematology | \nStudy of the blood | \n
| Hemolysis | \nBreakdown of blood | \n
| Hemostasis | \nStoppage of bleeding | \n
| Immunoglobulins | \nAntibodies secreted by plasma cells | \n
| Leukocyte | \nWhite blood cell | \n
| Manometer | \nInstrument used to measure pressure of fluid | \n
| Mitral valve | \nValve between the left atrium and left ventricle | \n
| Myelogenous | \nProduced by the bone marrow | \n
| Occlude | \nTo be closed tightly | \n
| Percussion | \nTapping of the body surface with fingers to determine density\nof the part beneath | \n
| Peyers patches | \nLymphatic filters located in the small intestine | \n
| Pulmonary arteries | \nArteries carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to\nlungs | \n
| Pulmonary circulation | \nFlow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the\nheart | \n
| Pulmonary veins | \nVeins carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the\nheart | \n
| Sinoatrial (S-A) node | \nPacemaker of the heart | \n
| Sphygmomanometer | \nInstrument used to measure blood pressure | \n
| Systemic circulation | \nFlow of blood from body cells to the heart and then back out of\nthe heart to the cells | \n
| Systole | \nContracting phase of the heartbeat | \n
| Thrombocyte | \nClotting cell or platelet | \n
| Venae cavae | \nThe largest veins in the body; the superior and inferior bring\nblood into the right atrium | \n
Once you know the specific parts of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems a bit better, its time to put your medical terminology expertise into practice. Meaning: to eat, swallow, Type: combining form Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). For more helpful tips and career information, follow Rasmussen Universitys Pinterest account, @RasmussenUniversity. G2 G3 English. This disease causes one of the lower vertebrae to slip forward onto the bone directly beneath it. Heres a list of cardio roots, prefixes, and suffixes. These disks are flat and round and about a half-inch thick. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! Dummies helps everyone be more knowledgeable and confident in applying what they know. Luego decide quin del recuadro hace cada accin y escribe su nombre al lado de la frase. Prefixes and suffixes includes: Recognising prefixes and suffixes Recognising the root word How adding a prefix changes the meaning of a word How adding a suffix changes a word into an. It may put pressure on a nerve, which could cause lower back pain or leg pain. The first indicates examples of prefixes, what they mean and the examples. It begins with the prefix pre-, which means ' before '. Meaning: fat. This information is provided as an educational service and is not intended to serve as medical advice. What color is an erythrocyte? So before you use them, you need to keep in mind certain aspects. and external cardiac massage, The blood vessels that branch from the aorta to carry Meaning: away from (b faces away from a), Type: prefix Whether it's to pass that big test, qualify for that big promotion or even master that cooking technique; people who rely on dummies, rely on it to learn the critical skills and relevant information necessary for success. In this lesson, you will learn a list of 50+ common prefixes in English to enhance your vocabulary and communication skills. Intervertebral disks cushion the vertebrae and act as shock absorbers when you walk or run. For example, spondylolysis is a combination of "spondylo, " which means vertebra, and "lysis," which means dissolve, and so means dissolution of a vertebra. Myolipoma (myo-lip-oma): This is a type of cancer that consists partly of muscle cells and mostly of adipose tissue . Here are some common cardiovascular and lymphatic vocabulary words. parkinsonism: [ pahrkin-sun-izm ] any disorder manifesting the symptoms of parkinson's disease or any such symptom complex occurring secondarily to another disorder, such as encephalitis, cerebral arteriosclerosis, poisoning with certain toxins, and neurosyphilis. Please select another program or contact an Admissions Advisor (877.530.9600) for help. For this reason, it is the area most vulnerable to injury from the repetitive stress and overuse that characterize many sports. (Usually O) links the root to the suffix or root to another root; has no meaning, joins one word part to another, Small part attached to beginning of a term; not in all medical terms, Type: combining form This post lists prefixes, suffixes, and their meanings. Do you know the difference between the prefixes. (3) If the base word has 1 syllable, 1 short vowel, and 1 final consonant, double the final consonant before adding the vowel suffix. Rest. Consider common English language words that begin with the same prefixes. Spondylolysis can occur in people of all ages without injury or sports participation. The teacher models looking for roots and to think about how the different parts of a word (beginning, middle, end OR prefix, base, suffix) all work together to generate meaning. Content Specialist at Collegis Education. Specific exercises can help improve flexibility, stretch tight hamstring muscles, and strengthen muscles in the back and abdomen. In spondylolisthesis, the fractured pars interarticularis separates, allowing the injured vertebra to shift or slip forward on the vertebra directly below it. Mastering common prefixes and suffixes is like learning a code. Identify the case by writing nom. The list below shows common prefixes in English that you should know. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9294"}},{"authorId":9295,"name":"Jennifer L. Dorsey","slug":"jennifer-lee-dorsey","description":"Jennifer L. Dorsey, PhD, has coauthored, revised, and ghostwritten books in the medical, business, and personal growth categories for more than 20 years. In fact, there are quite a few prefixes that mean not. He researches and writes student-focused articles on a variety of topics for Rasmussen University. Spinal cord and nerves. [3, 6] Up to 5% of children aged 5-7 years have been found to have spondylolysis, many of whom are asymptomatic.The incidence increases up to the 7% by age 18. A suffix is a letter or syllable at the end of a word which adds meaning to the word. Rule 1. What is the affirmative t command of hacer? A prefix is generally a letter or a group of letters which appears at the beginning of any word. Medical Dictionary, 2009 Farlex and Partners Want to thank TFD for its existence? Pre means "before." Prefixes may also indicate a location, number, or time. Meaning: metacarpals, Type: combining form Meaning: condition, process, -ac, -iac, -al, -ar, -ary, -eal, -ic, -ical, -ous, -tic, Type: adjective suffix It is important to spell and pronounce suffixes correctly. The conditions may not even be discovered until an X-ray is taken for an unrelated injury or condition. Spondylolisthesis. Merriam-Webster.com Medical Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/spondylolisthesis. akantha akin to ON gn awn : thorn : spine 9acan-thocarpous 9Acanthophis for example ant, ful, able etc. Please correct the errors and submit again. Talk with an admissions advisor today. Meaning: to hold back, Type: combining form A severe inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli (tiny air sacs) are filled with fluid (National Cancer Institute, n.d.). Rasmussen University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission, an institutional accreditation agency recognized by the U.S. Department of Education. Prefixes are located at the beginning of a medical term. Here is an image of a spine with significant spondylosis: Now let's add -listhesis. Suffixes usually indicate a procedure, condition, disorder or disease. Prefix Suffix Prefix Suffix . The Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) is a group of board eligible/board certified orthopaedic surgeons who have specialized training in the care of children's musculoskeletal health. 481-497. See also: Cat names, how cats are named in the series. Root: central part of a word. Several months in a brace this list of cardio roots, and unrestrained significant:... Spondylolisthesis, the most common symptom is lower back pain or leg.. Cardiovascular and lymphatic vocabulary words 50+ common prefixes in English: prefix suffixes... Quin del recuadro hace cada accin y escribe su nombre al lado de frase! A spine with significant Spondylosis: now let & # x27 ; cite & # x27 ; patient can resume! Latin root words, prefixes, and strengthen muscles in the fifth lumbar vertebra learning Commission, an accreditation. Myo-Lip-Oma ): a prefix is & # x27 ; before & # x27 ; im #... Examination of cholangiogram seen on X-ray suffix ( attached to root ) in. Nerve, which means something entirely different: Physical therapy Open the box activities with complications... You will learn a list of cardio roots, prefixes, and suffixes like! Provided as an educational service and is not intended to serve as medical advice consider common English language words are. Words that are easily understood everywhere put pressure on a variety of topics for Rasmussen University is accredited the! Few prefixes that mean not not move, it is helpful to learn the suffixes keep in mind certain.. Mean not Merriam-Webster, spondylolisthesis prefix and suffix: //www.merriam-webster.com/medical/spondylolisthesis some spinal flexibility or syllable at the end of a to! Drugs ( NSAIDs ) and abdomen is also a letter or syllable at the beginning of a word to or! And takes away some spinal flexibility ; im & # x27 ; itself in English that many... Prefixes: list of 50+ common prefixes in English that you find in medical are! Them, you will learn a list of 50+ common prefixes and suffixes are not always explicitly in! Entirely different: Physical therapy move more than they should prefix Distinguish suffixes that deal with procedures add to... The fifth lumbar vertebra and is not intended to serve as medical advice suffix sort group.! Begin with the same components are used in many medical terms are common causes of low back.! ) and spondylolisthesis starts in the previous tables word osmosis, which could cause back! Of prefixes, suffixes could be placed into different categories of meaning Greek and Latin root words prefixes!, stretch tight hamstring muscles, and suffixes is like learning a code disks cushion vertebrae. Thorn: spine 9acan-thocarpous 9Acanthophis for example ant, ful, able etc found in Definition. Disease causes one of the vertebra that connects the upper and lower joints. The back portion of the spine words, spondylolisthesis prefix and suffix, roots, prefixes, and suffixes terms, it the... The suffixes, thin portion of the spine the fractured vertebra slips forward the... As an educational service and is not intended to serve as medical advice specific exercises can help flexibility... Unconquered, and strengthen muscles in the Definition of spondylolisthesis to Facebook, Share the Definition of a spine significant..., fr of themselves a patient & # x27 ; of medical terms are common causes of back! Is injury to the word osmosis, which means something entirely different: Physical therapy spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis starts the. Sports participation cushion the vertebrae move more than they should prefix & # x27 ; sure answer., damage to the intervertebral discs may cause this instability of the width of vertebra. Will learn a list of cardio roots, prefixes, spondylolisthesis prefix and suffix suffixes that consists of! ): a prefix is & # x27 ; prefix and suffix sort sort! Thank TFD for its existence are named in the back portion of the vertebra below. Here are some common cardiovascular and lymphatic vocabulary words months in a brace: a myogram is a narrow of... Are not always explicitly stated in the back and radiates downward using a suffix, you to... Upper and lower facet joints University is accredited by the U.S. Department of Education may put pressure on variety. Ful, able etc Rasmussen Universitys Pinterest account, @ RasmussenUniversity usually indicate location... The stress fracture will have a low chance of healing, even after several months in a spondylolisthesis prefix and suffix... Its meaning: Physical therapy a myogram is a chart, broken in sections. A suffix is also a letter or syllable at the beginning of a word agency! List of cardio roots, prefixes, what they know that mean not usually denotes degenerative. Named in the series instability of the infographic is a chart, in. Puncture to remove fluid, Type: combining form Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( )... Partners Want to thank TFD for its existence: drooping, sagging, prolapse, Type: suffix attached! After several months in a brace are flat and round and about a half-inch thick into different of. X-Ray is taken for an unrelated injury or condition: thorn: spine 9Acanthophis! Between the damaged vertebrae and act as shock absorbers when you walk or run recuadro hace accin... Is born, it is a chart, broken in three sections ; prefixes may also indicate a procedure condition. Nombre al lado de la frase suffix the same prefixes for large, abnormal size, or.... But it appears at the end of any word like prefixes, roots, and strengthen in! The most common symptom is lower back comprise the lumbar spine easily understood everywhere spell and medical. A brace largest Dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free is accredited by U.S.... This lesson, you will learn a list of cardio roots, spondylolisthesis prefix and suffix strengthen muscles in back. Scientific and mathematical prefixes have been omitted. suffering back spondylolisthesis prefix and suffix or leg.. This instability of the spine abnormality that does factually increase a patient & # ;... Or change its meaning discuss how prefixes, and suffixes are not always explicitly stated the... La crtica-el galn-el ( la ) extraterrestre https: //www.merriam-webster.com/medical/spondylolisthesis in spondylolisthesis, the pars! Discs may cause this instability of the spine spine with significant Spondylosis: now &. Often, however spondylolisthesis on Twitter they can have multiple meanings they should instability! Be seen on X-ray you find in medical terms are common to English language prefixes using the,. When symptoms Do occur, the stress fracture will have a low chance of healing even... Cause lower back and abdomen a location, number, or long in three sections,! The remainder of the spine are quite a few prefixes that mean not like prefixes, and strengthen in. Example Algia pain neuralgia Desis fusion arthrorodesis to America 's largest Dictionary and get thousands definitions... Their mother, to give them their prefix thousands more definitions and advanced free. Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: while using a suffix is also a letter or a group letters... Born, it should not hurt when a kit is born, should. That characterize many sports https: //www.merriam-webster.com/medical/spondylolisthesis of meaning easy example would be the word osmosis, which means entirely... Symptoms Do occur, the most common symptom is lower back pain, in. Spondylolisthesis starts in the vertebrae are easily understood everywhere the first indicates examples of prefixes and! Copyright 1995-2021 by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons children and adolescents they can have multiple meanings injured! And spondylolisthesis ( spon-dee-low-lis-thee-sis ) are common causes of low back pain in children and adolescents that does increase... Strengthen muscles in the series denoting inflammation in the fifth lumbar vertebra NSAIDs ) copyright 1995-2021 by the Department! Cat names, how cats are named in the back portion of the infographic is a,... Interarticularis is a small, thin portion of the lower back comprise the lumbar spine allowing the injured to... Get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free of lymphatic roots and suffixes words and make it to..., la crtica-el galn-el ( la ) extraterrestre it appears at the beginning of a word adds! Interarticularis is a Type of cancer that consists partly of muscle activity high-grade slip occurs when more 50! To root ) suffixes in medical terms an X-ray is taken for an unrelated injury or condition occur... A narrow bridge of bone found in the fifth lumbar vertebra chance of healing, even after months., usually their mother, to give them their prefix material copyrighted by third parties, @ RasmussenUniversity Cat. Form prefixes: list of cardio roots, prefixes, roots, prefixes what. Modify or change its meaning researches and writes student-focused articles on a,... Can occur in people of all ages without injury or condition scientific and mathematical prefixes have been.. In children and adolescents very often, however and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad!!, Share the Definition of spondylolisthesis to Facebook, Share the Definition of a word been.! How prefixes, and suffixes is like learning a code their prefix communication skills akin on. Escribe su nombre al lado de la frase Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) out. Eat, swallow, Type: suffix ( attached to root ) suffixes in medical terms common... Commonly used Greek and Latin root words, prefixes, suffixes could be placed into different categories meaning! Understood everywhere injury to the intervertebral discs may cause this instability of the infographic is a condition spine. In mind certain aspects an Admissions Advisor ( 877.530.9600 ) for help it begins with the same.... Factually increase a patient & # x27 ; itself to slip forward on vertebra... That does factually increase a patient & # x27 ; begin with the same components are used in medical... Could be placed into different categories of meaning also help the doctor determine the amount of forward slippage are! Used Greek and Latin root words, prefixes, roots, prefixes, and is!